How have firms transformed and executed IT-enabled remote work initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic? Conceptualization and empirical evidence from Spain

This paper examines how firms have transformed and executed IT-enabled remote work initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. After examining archival data on a sample of 100 firms in Spain, we discover three types of IT-enabled remote work firm's strategies: leader, agile, and survival. Leader companies have a competitive advantage over agile companies, which in turn have a competitive advantage over survival organizations. We find that firm size was crucial to executing remote work firm's initiatives as a leader or survival. The industry significantly affected the implementation of remote work firm's initiatives during the three pivotal periods in the telecommunications industry. © 2023

The impact of COVID-19 on the lives of persons with intellectual disabilities: A participatory research project from Madrid, Spain

This chapter presents the findings of a participatory research project on the impact of COVID-19 and the lockdown on the lives of people with intellectual disabilities in Madrid, Spain. It provides a brief overview of the social policy framework with regards to people with disabilities, and how the government responded to the needs of people with disabilities during the pandemic. The research was conducted by seven co-researchers with intellectual disabilities, who explored how people with intellectual disabilities in Madrid had experienced the lockdown and sanitary restrictions from March 2020 to November 2021. Participants included people living at home with their families, in group homes and in residential care. The findings are contrasted with other studies on the impact of the pandemic in Spain. The pandemic revealed the precariousness of the care system, and the urgent need to shift towards a human rights compliant service provision. Our study shows that people with intellectual disabilities experienced restrictions in different aspects of their lives during a longer period, that people living in residential care were more isolated and that there is a general concern with the future. People living in congregated settings were subject to higher restrictions. Some people had become care providers to their parents, and digital skills had been essential to keep in touch with partners, friends and family. Furthermore, people expressed a desire to regain their freedom, meet new people and a concern with lack of employment. © 2023 Adela Palazuelos Velayos, Adrián Corona de la Iglesia, Ángela Sánchez Castillo, Gema Alises Urda, María Gómez-Carrillo de Castro, Marta Sancho Suils, Paola Cauja Pilataxi and Víctor Sanz Moreno. All rights reserved.

Perceived privacy of the dwelling and psychological restoration during the COVID-19 lockdown

Dwelling is a fundamental factor for mental health. Lockdowns, established to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2, forced millions of people to take shelter in their homes, enhancing the need to understand the characteristics of the dwelling that promote psychological restoration. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between some perceived conditions of dwelling habitability (appreciation of the physical environment, visible nature, crowding, and privacy) and their effect on psychological restoration through the concept of the perceived restorativeness of dwelling. An online survey was carried out with the participation of 478 Mexican adults. Physical environment, visible nature, crowding, and privacy showed significant correlations with the perceived restorativeness of housing and psychological restoration itself. However, only privacy showed an effect on psychological restoration in structural modelling. We propose that privacy is fundamental to improving dwellings' restorativeness and restoring their inhabitants, and experts should consider it when designing housing spaces. However, more evidence is needed to generalize beyond the context of lockdowns. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Factors Influencing Intention to Enroll in The Online Academic Year among Undergraduate Students in the Philippines during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the loss of the number of enrollees at universities in many developing countries, including the Philippines. The current study integrated the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to determine factors affecting intention to enroll in the online academic year among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. 370 Filipino undergraduate students filled the online survey, which contained 71 questions. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) indicated that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control had significant direct effects on perceived usefulness which subsequently led to an engagement. Regarding the perceived ease of use, SEM indicated that it had a significant direct effect on perceived performance. Furthermore, SEM also indicated that perceived performance and engagement had significant direct effects on perceived effectiveness which subsequently led to the intention to enroll. The integrated TPB and extended TAM can be extended and applied in evaluating the behavioral motives of students to enroll in the online academic year globally that are currently affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 ACM.

THE SUBJECTS OF INVESTIGATION OF THE TEACHERS: EXPERIENCES AND ANALYSIS

About what the teachers of our teacher training institution investigate, is the subject of this work. With a qualitative approach, emerging design methodology and instruments such as Google form, the analysis of the thesis documents of the 2020-2022 generation, we present the answer to this question. The Maestrantes faced the atypical situation of the pandemic and confinement due to covid-19 and carried out their theses under the research-action methodology. They developed competencies of the Institution's graduate profile, by generating knowledge and improving the quality of their teaching for the benefit of their students. © GKA Ediciones, authors. Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada.

Changes in recreational cannabis use during home confinement in the COVID-19 pandemic

The aim of this article was to analyse the influence of population confinement on the experience of cannabis use and to identify the factors that modulate the pattern of cannabis use in a group of drug users living in the autonomous community of Aragón (Spain). For this purpose, a qualitative study was carried out based on sixteen semi-structured personal interviews with cannabis users according to a non-random snowball sampling. After analysing their discourse, changes were observed both in terms of an increase and a decrease in the experience of consumption, as well as a possible relationship between the changes in the consumption pattern of these users and the restrictions decreed by the government of this country. Thus, it was concluded that the population confinement generated changes in the consumption pattern of drug users, with an increase in consumption occurring in users with an increase in available free time and who had collected cannabis prior to asylum. Meanwhile, the reduction was related to the decrease in opportunities to consume cannabis, lack of knowledge of suppliers and longer working hours, mainly. © 2022 Asociacion Espanola de Estudio en Drogodependencias. All rights reserved.

Recommendations for the use of oxygen and its basic and advanced supply devices: Rationality and safety in times of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Colombia

In the midst the COVID-19 pandemic, and given the imminence of oxygen shortages in Colombia, the Knowledge Management and Transfer Network, made up of 19 scientific societies, health institutions, and universities, generates an update to the document led by the Colombian Association of Critical Medicine and includes new evidence-informed guidelines for the rational management of oxygen therapy, as well as basic and advanced devices for oxygen therapy. The recommendations refer to five topics: goal-oriented rational use of oxygen, standardization of follow-up and dose adjustment, effective use of oxygen therapy devices, rational use of invasive mechanical ventilation, and rational use of extracorporeal oxygenation membrane therapy. When exercising their judgment, it is expected that professionals and care teams will take into account these guidelines to make rational and safe use of oxygen therapy and its basic and advanced devices, together with the individual needs and preferences of the people who are under their care. © 2021 Asociación Colombiana de Medicina Crítica y Cuidado lntensivo

Use of Half RBC Units in Oncology Patients during Severe RBC Shortage to Extend Hospital Supply

Background/Case Studies: Blood supply during the COVID-19 pandemic was at record lows due to blood drive cancellations, fear of contracting COVID-19, and COVID-19 donor deferrals. Splitting platelet units is a well-known method of extending platelet supply. Due to the blood type O RBC shortage during the pandemic, we split one RBC unit into two half-units to extend the RBC supply. RBC splitting has been utilized in pediatric and fluid overloaded patients, however there is no research demonstrating the effectiveness of RBC splitting to extend RBC supply. Study Design/Methods: We examined transfusion data on half and whole RBC units transfused from May 21, 2021 to November 1, 2021. The criteria for half-unit transfusion were dependent on the blood supply. In general, if there was less than one day supply of RBC units on hand, half-units were issued for stable, non-bleeding patients with hemoglobin above 7.0 g/dL in outpatients and 6.5 g/dL in inpatients. During the study period if a patient received any half RBC units, the time between the first half-unit transfused to the next RBC transfusion within the next 90 days was noted. If a patient received only whole units during this time, we observed the time from the first RBC transfusion to the next RBC transfusion in the subsequent 90 days. Pre-transfusion hemoglobin was obtained the day of the transfusion and posttransfusion hemoglobin was obtained either the day of or day after the RBC transfusion. Results/Findings: Over 6 months, 276 patients received only whole units and 229 patients received at least one halfunit. The median number of days to next transfusion in patients who received a transfusion within 90 days after a half-unit was 3 (mean 6.7 +/- 11.4) and whole unit was 5 (mean 11.8 +/- 16.7) (p <0.001). There were 38 (16.6%) patients who did not receive a transfusion within 90 days of first transfusion after a half-unit and 62 (22.5%) patients after a whole unit. The median pre-transfusion hemoglobin in those transfused half-units was 6.9 (mean 6.9 +/- 0.5) g/dL and whole units 7.0 (mean 7.2 +/- 1.3) g/dL (p <0.001). The median hemoglobin prior to the second transfusion was 6.8 (mean 6.8 +/- 0.6) g/dL in those previously transfused halfunits and 7.0 (mean 7.2 +/- 1.1) g/dL after a previous whole unit (p <0.0001). Of those transfused half-units, 46.7% received a second unit within 3 days, 56.8% within 5 days and 65.9% within 7 days. After a whole unit, 30.4% received a second unit within 3 days, 37.3% within 5 days and 44.9% within 7 days. Conclusion(s): Our study demonstrates the use of half RBC units can extend RBC inventory in the short term. Patients transfused half-units received a second transfusion earlier than those who received a whole unit, median 3 days versus 5 days after whole unit (p <0.001).

“Everything sucked... for everyone”: Narrative of a Student Journeying Through Engineering Before COVID-19, During COVID-19, and Beyond

This paper reports on the final year of the project, CAREER: Actualizing Latent Diversity: Building Innovation through Engineering Students' Identity Development (NSF EEC 1554057). Engineering has a history of attracting and graduating look-a-like and think-a-like engineers. Those who look or think like a “stereotypical engineer” may feel more welcome in engineering and may be why engineering has attracted and graduated similar students. This research project considered the unique ways of being, thinking, and knowing-what we call latent diversity-that can be highlighted and valued. Students' latent diversity may or may not align with the values in engineering education that focus on a social/technical dualism, meritocracy, and rigor, which are built-in Whiteness and masculinity. Students, particularly minoritized students (i.e., women, Black, Indigenous, and Latinx students), may feel pushed out of engineering or they may feel the need to conform to these values to fit in. These messages create an engineering education that limits who can be an engineer as well as how these engineers are prepared to solve complex engineering problems. In this paper, we use an example of one student, John, and how he navigated his experiences through engineering over four years. We discuss how key themes of mental health and neurodiversity intersect with his identity development as an engineer over time as well as overlap and were complicated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We use this rich, single case as an example of how the mixed methods research in this study provides a nuanced understanding of students' trajectories in engineering. We also discuss the implications of this work for inclusive teaching and provide connections to existing resources and tools developed from the research project. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022

Corrigendum to “Overview of pediatric myocarditis and pericarditis” [Prog Pediatr Cardiol 65 (June 2022) 101526] (Progress in Pediatric Cardiology (2022) 65, (S1058981322000467), (10.1016/j.ppedcard.2022.101526))

The authors regret to have inadvertently omitted the word “vaccine” in the 4th sentence of the second paragraph of the conclusions. The sentence correctly reads as follows: “Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 associated myocarditis is associated with higher mortality and morbidity when compared with the more commonly occurring myocarditis in multisystemic inflammatory syndrome and the rarely occurring coronavirus vaccine associated myocarditis.” The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.

Comparison between five PCR techniques for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.

OBJECTIVE: Since the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 appeared, there have been numerous techniques that have been developed for the diagnosis or monitoring of infection, both direct and serological techniques. Choosing a good diagnostic tool is essential for epidemiological control. The objective was to compare five commercialized RT-PCR techniques in real time, in sensitivity, specificity and agreement for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: Five commercial RT-PCR kits for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 were compared. Eight known positive samples were taken and subjected to seven different dilutions or concentrations, and another 135 negative samples were used to determine sensitivity, specificity, and agreement values. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for the Palex, Roche and GeneXpert techniques with respect to Seegene were identical, corresponding to 98.21%, 100%, 100% and 99.26% respectively. For Becton Dickinson the sensitivity was 89.28%, the specificity of 100%, the PPV of 100% and the NPV of 95.74%. The agreement using the Kappa index for Palex, Roche and GeneXpert was 0.9892, while the agreement for Becton Dickinson was with a Kappa index of 0.9215. CONCLUSIONS: All commercial RT-PCR kits had high sensitivities and specificities, as well as PPV, NPV, and concordance.

Use of information and communication technologies for self-learning among medical sciences students during the COVID-19 pandemic

The current situation brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the need to gear the medical education teaching-learning process toward virtuality. This study aimed to characterize the use of information and communication technologies for self-learning among medical sciences students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba. A multicenter cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted of Medical Sciences students in Cuba in the month of July 2020. The sample was 354 students selected by snowball sampling. Data collection was based on a form obtained from Google Forms. A predominance was found of female students (53.67%) and medical undergraduate training (67.23%). Of the students surveyed, 89.27% used mobile phones to study, whereas for 91.24% WhatsApp was the main data sharing tool. 95.76% used resources available in Infomed. 11.86% of the students reported participation in virtual courses about COVID-19, and 11.29% in some sort of virtual scientific event related to the pandemic. Identification was made of the use of information and communications technologies by medical sciences students in Cuba, with a profitable use of the resources made available by the Infomed network. This made it possible to go on with the teaching-learning process despite the limitations imposed by the pandemic. Smartphones and social networks enhanced the teaching-learning process. © 2022, Centro Nacional de Informacion de Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.

COVID-19 pneumonia. Experience of a public hospital in Argentina

COVID-19 pneumonia represents a challenge for health systems. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical presentation and evolution of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This is a prospective and descrip tive study. Patients older than 16 years with a PCR confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in 94.0% (n=395) of the cases. Biochemical and imaging determinations were made. 421 patients were included, 57.0% male (n=240), with a mean age of 56.1 .. 15.1 years. 41.0% (n=172) were older than 60 years. 79.7% (n=333) had comorbidities. They had seven days 7 days (IQR 5) from symptom onset to hospitalization. The most frequent symptoms were: dyspnea (78.1%, n=307), cough (76.5%, n=297) and fever (73.6%, n=289). 50.2% (n=204) presented respiratory failure upon admission. 63.4% (n=173) presented pathological infiltrates on radiography and 96.0% (n=312) on chest tomography. The 4C score was 8 (IQR 6). 31.6% (n=133) had a poor clinical evolution. In-hospital mortality was 18.9% (n=80) and 23.7% (n=100) received mechanical ventilation. 21.9% (n=92) presented in-hospital complications. 39.6% (n=67) of those over 60 years of age were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and 31.4% (n=54) died. 76.9% (n=319) of the patients received corticosteroids, 69.3% (n=289) antibiotics, and convalescent plasma 10.5% (n=43). This series stands out for the high rate of co morbidities and the severity of the patients included. Mortality was similar to other international series.

POS-319 TELENEPHROLOGY AS A PUBLIC POLICY FOR THE CARE OF PATIENTS WITH CKD AT THE PRIMARY HEALTH LEVEL. CHILEAN EXPERIENCE

Introduction: There are successful reports of the use of telemedicine in nephrology (TN), which would facilitate the access of patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) from the primary health centers (PHCs) to the nephrologist. Since 2019, TN has been implemented in Chile as a public health policy with national coverage. The process and outcome indicators associated with the Chilean National TN Program among PHCs and reference nephrologists are described. Methods: Descriptive study of asynchronous telemedicine care performed from urban and rural PHCs (574) (municipal health centers) to 17 nephrologists from Hospital Digital, between January 01, 2019 and June 30, 2021. The percentage of the rural population in Chile is 12.1%. Teleconsultations are sent by the PHCs doctor through a digital platform that contains clinical information, laboratory tests and treatments. The nephrologist in a deferred time, responds in the same way and decides between the options: 1) Counter-refer the patient to PHCs requesting more information or with treatment recommendations;2) Refer to a hospital for more complex studies or treatments. The following were analyzed: 1. Distribution by age, sex and comorbidities;2. Response times;3. Prevalence of CKD by stages;4. Destination post evaluation TN;5. Level of relevance of PHCs consultations. Results: In total, 12.705 asynchronous telemedicine visits were performed (2019: 50.8 %;2020: 31.9 %;2021:17.3%. During the Covid-19 pandemic, attention for TN was maintained although restricted by the health crisis in the public health network. The mean age was 65.9 (SD: 13.2) years;80% were older than 60 years;57%% women. CKD stages: S1 (8.5%%);S2 (16.2%);S3 (53.6%);S4 (17.9%) and S5 (3.7%). Comorbidities: diabetes 56%, hypertension 90.7%, dyslipidemia 65%, overweight 29.2% and obesity 38.7%. The average response time was 91 hrs. (range 1- 173). In total, 7.954 patients (62.6%) were referred to PHCs with recommendations, without requiring transfers to another center. In turn, 4.751 patients (37.4%) required face-to-face nephrological evaluation (58.1% high priority for CKD in stages 4-5). The relevance of the consultations according to the nephrologist's evaluation was considered high 23.1% and median 49.3%. Conclusions: The implementation of TN as a public policy has made it possible to facilitate expeditious access, evaluation and timely treatment of patients with CKD from urban and rural PHCs and prioritize face-to-face care by a nephrologist for those with greater risk or severity. Most of the patients evaluated (62.8%) were referred to PHCs, optimizing the limited space and high demand of face-to-face care per specialist. During the Covid-19 pandemic period, the use of TN was restricted but allowed continuity of control of patients with CKD and decongest PHCs and emergency care centers. Future studies should evaluate the impact of TN in the follow-up of patients screened with CKD, especially in stages 3-5, the decrease in travel-related CO2 emissions due to reduced displacement, the level of patient´s satisfaction/PHCs teams, and the evaluation effective cost of this care modality. No conflict of interest

Emotional impact motivated by Covid-19 in the Spanish millennial population

The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of the confinement decreed as a result of the state of alarm caused by Covid-19 on the emotional state of the Spanish millennial population. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational research with a quantitative methodology carried out between March 28 and April 26, 2020. 1,137 people aged 19 participated (they turned 20 in the year of the research) and 40 years old. For the analysis of the emotional state, the CES-D questionnaire was used;the resilience scale for the study of resilient protective factors;and for variables of a socio-demographic nature, ad hoc questions were created. As a result, the university millennial population (from 19 to 24 years old) presents higher levels of depressive mood than the millennial population of working age (from 25 to 40 years old). In turn, millennial women, who live in smaller homes and who perceive a worse economic situation, show higher levels of depressive mood. It is concluded that personal strength is shown as a determining dimension in the analysis of depressive mood in a young population (millennial) during confinement in Spain. © 2022, Revista de Ciencias Sociales. All rights reserved